Clinical Studies and Product Compounds
Steroids.com’s remarkable 17-ingredient PITUITARY HUMAN GROWTH-ALT is scientifically formulated to duplicate Human
Growth
Hormone’s unique muscle-building and anti-aging properties, including
its capacity for impacting both ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ effects.
This laboratory designed, never-before-seen technology can raise your
GH levels new heights.
At Steroids.com, we realize product
integrity
is no longer a given, but we’re confident in the quality of our ANABOLIC
AGENTS and have always contended that an informed consumer is our best
customer. The following material represents our challenge to you.
Below you’ll find this product’s primary ingredients, their respective
properties, how they work to build you a better body, and authentic
EXCERPTS from prestigious medical journals which include the study
aims/purposes
and conclusions. To view the entire clinical abstract, please
click the provided hyperlink beneath each excerpt. Thank you for
investigating Steroids.com and for the opportunity to prove our value!
PITUITARY HUMAN GROWTH-ALT
INGREDIENTS
Growth Hormone
General Uses:
GH is a protein hormone comprised of
approximately 200 amino acids that are synthesized and secreted in the
anterior pituitary by cells called somatotrophs. It serves
as a major controlling participant in several complex physiologic
processes,
including growth and metabolism.
Anabolic Benefits:
“…GH exerts anabolic effects directly
and through stimulation of IGF-I, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA).
When subjects are well nourished, the GH-induced stimulation of IGF-I
and insulin is important for anabolic storage and growth of lean body
mass (LBM), adipose tissue, and glycogen reserves. During fasting and
other catabolic states, GH predominantly stimulates the release and
oxidation of FFA, which leads to decreased glucose and protein oxidation
and preservation of LBM and glycogen stores. The most prominent
metabolic
effect of GH is a marked increase in lipolysis and FFA levels. In the
basal state, the effects of GH on protein metabolism are modest and
include increased protein synthesis and decreased breakdown at the whole
body level and in muscle together with decreased amino acid
degradation/oxidation
and decreased hepatic urea formation.”
Effects of growth hormone on
glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects.
Møller N, Jørgensen JO.
Endocr Rev. 2009 Apr;30(2):152-77. Epub 2009 Feb 24.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240267
--------------------
“Skeletal muscle is the major constituent
of lean body mass and a major determinant of energy expenditure both
at rest and during physical activity. Growth hormone, in turn,
influences
muscle mass as well as energy expenditure. Growth hormone substitution
in adults increases muscle mass by 5-10%, but part of the effect is
attributed to rehydration rather than protein accretion. In addition,
GH regulates substrate metabolism in muscle and in particular
antagonizes
insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. This effect is linked to increased
free fatty acid (FFA) flux but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
During fasting, GH-induced insulin resistance may be favorable by
reducing
the demand of gluconeogenesis from protein. But in the postprandial
phase, GH exposure may compromise glucose tolerance via the same
mechanisms.
Understanding the mechanisms whereby GH antagonizes insulin-stimulated
glucose disposal in muscle is an important future research field with
implications for a variety of clinical conditions ranging from
malnutrition
to obesity and type 2 diabetes.”
Effects of GH in human muscle and
fat.
Jørgensen JO, Rubeck
KZ, Nielsen
TS, Clasen
BF, Vendelboe
M, Hafstrøm
TK, Madsen
M, Lund
S.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Apr;25(4):705-9. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19902270
--------------------
”BACKGROUND: Growth hormone is widely
abused by athletes, frequently with androgenic steroids. Its effects
on performance are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of growth
hormone alone or with testosterone on body composition and measures
of performance…CONCLUSION: Growth hormone supplementation influenced
body composition and increased sprint capacity when administered alone
and in combination with testosterone.
The effects of growth hormone on body
composition and physical performance in recreational athletes: a
randomized
trial.
Meinhardt U, Nelson
AE, Hansen
JL, Birzniece
V, Clifford
D, Leung
KC, Graham
K, Ho
KK.
Ann Intern Med. 2010 May 4;152(9):568-77.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439575
--------------------
L-Arginine
L-arginine is an amino acid that
initiates
and participates in numerous bio-organic functions throughout the body
such as regulating pH levels, supporting endothelial cells, assisting
in the ridding of ammonia and other waste products, the building of
necessary compounds like creatine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, and can
be converted to glucose and glycogen if needed.
General Uses:
In larger amounts, L-arginine stimulates
the release of growth hormone and prolactin and is also used to make
the nitric oxide, a compound in the body that relaxes blood vessels.
Preliminary studies have found that L-arginine may help with conditions
that improve when blood vessels are relaxed (called vasodilation), such
as atherosclerosis, erectile dysfunction, and intermittent
claudication.
L-arginine is thought to enhance the action of nitric oxide, which
relaxes
muscles surrounding blood vessels supplying the penis. As a result,
blood vessels in the penis dilate, increasing blood flow which helps
maintain an erection. One 50 subject study of men with erectile
dysfunction compared a 5 grams a day dosage of L-arginine to that of
a placebo, and, six weeks later, the L-arginine group showed marked
improvement.
With regard to its contribution to
physical
exercise, L-arginine possesses a multi-faceted effect spearheaded by
a unique anti-fatiguing property which can increase training duration
and shorten recovery time, but even more importantly L-arginine can
increase in overall strength.
Anabolic Benefits:
“A decrease of the blood supply to
the muscle can be significant to the development of muscular fatigue,
an important factor of incapacity. In this study, the effect of
L-arginine
taken orally, on the physiologic process of the muscular fatigue in
12 healthy volunteers, was investigated through located exercise
controlled
by isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Multi-Joint System 3
dynamometer)…There
was a significant decrease (mean 8.5%) indicating an improvement in
the muscular resistance capacity to fatigue following the treatment
by oral administration of arginine.”
Study of the effect of oral
administration
of L-arginine on muscular performance in healthy volunteers: An
isokinetic
study
R.S. Santos, M.T.T. Pacheco, R.A.B.L.
Martins, A.B. Villaverde, H.E. Giana4, F. Baptista, R.A.
Zângaro (2002)
Isokinetics and Exercise
Science Vol. 10,153-158
http://iospress.metapress.com/content/cau9ar6nck6fwpm9/
--------------------
“OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the
pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of l-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate
(AAKG) in trained adult men…CONCLUSION: AAKG supplementation appeared
to be safe and well tolerated, and positively influenced 1RM bench press
and Wingate peak power performance. AAKG did not influence body
composition
or aerobic capacity.”
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects
on exercise performance of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in trained
adult men.
Campbell B, Roberts
M, Kerksick
C, Wilborn
C, Marcello
B, Taylor
L, Nassar
E, Leutholtz
B, Bowden
R, Rasmussen
C, Greenwood
M, Kreider
R. (2006)
Nutrition.(9):872-81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928472
--------------------
“The purpose of this study was to
investigate
the effects of an L-arginine and antioxidant supplement on exercise
performance in elderly male cyclists…The anaerobic threshold for the
supplement groups was significantly higher than that of placebo group
at week 1 and week 3…This study indicated a potential role of L-arginine
and antioxidant supplementation in improving exercise performance in
elderly.”
Arginine and antioxidant supplement
on performance in elderly male cyclists: a randomized controlled trial
Chen Steve, Woosong Kim, Henning Susanne,
Carpenter Catherine, Li Zhaoping (2010)
Journal of the International Society
of Sports Nutrition. 7:13doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-13
http://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/13
--------------------
GLUTAMATIC ACID
(L-Glutamine)
General Uses:
L-Glutamine can be converted to glutamic
acid, which is a precursor to the important inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) and an excitatory neurotransmitter.
L-Glutamine transports ammonia, the toxic metabolic by-product of
protein
breakdown to the liver, where it is converted into less toxic urea and
then excreted by the kidneys. Finally, glutamine can convert into
alanine,
an amino acid that the liver converts into glucose, supplying additional
fuel to muscles during a prolonged workout.
Anabolic Benefits:
“ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We compared
Glycine Propionyl-L-Carnitine (GlycoCarn(R)) and three different
pre-workout
nutritional supplements on measures of skeletal muscle oxygen saturation
(StO2), blood nitrate/nitrite (NOx), lactate (HLa), malondialdehyde
(MDA), and exercise performance in men.
CONCLUSION: None of the products tested
resulted in favorable changes in our chosen outcome measures, with the
exception of GlycoCarn(R) in terms of higher StO2 at the start of
exercise.
GlycoCarn(R) resulted in a 13.7% decrease in MDA from pre- to
post-exercise
and yielded a non-significant but greater total volume load compared
to all other conditions…”
Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide
stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation,
blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise
performance
in resistance trained men.
Bloomer RJ, Farney
TM, Trepanowski
JF, McCarthy
CG, Canale
RE, Schilling
BK.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 May 6;7:16.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439575
--------------------
“Objective: To determine the efficacy
of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) to decrease lipid peroxidation,
elevate nitric oxide, and improve blood lipid profiles in human
subjects…Conclusion:
GPLC supplementation combined with eight weeks of aerobic exercise
decreases
lipid peroxidation and elevates nitric oxide, but does not further
improve
blood lipid profiles in normolipidemic subjects.”
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine
modulates
lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects.
Bloomer RJ, Tschume
LC, Smith
WA
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009 May;79(3):131-41.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20209464
--------------------
“This study investigated the effect
of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained
rats…Exercise
increased phagocytosis in MOD when compared to SED (34.48 +/- 1.79 vs
15.21 +/- 2.91%, P < 0.05)…This study suggests an increase in
macrophage
function post-exercise, which was supported by enhanced glutamine
consumption
and metabolism, and highlights the importance for glutamine after
exercise.
Effect of exercise on glutamine
metabolism
in macrophages of trained rats.
dos Santos RV, Caperuto
EC, de
Mello MT, Costa Rosa LF.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Oct;107(3):309-15. Epub 2009 Jul 17.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609552
--------------------
BCAA
General Uses:
BCAAs, or Branched Chain Amino Acids,
are the amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine; all of which assist
in muscle recovery and muscle growth.
Anabolic Benefits:
“Branched chain amino acids (BCAA)
are particularly effective
anabolic agents. Recent in vitro studies suggest that amino
acids,
particularly leucine, activate a signaling pathway that enhances
messenger
ribonucleic acid translation and protein synthesis. The physiological
relevance of these findings to normal human physiology is uncertain.
We examined the effects of BCAA on the phosphorylation of eukaryotic
initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (eIF4E-BP1) and ribosomal
protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) in skeletal muscle of seven
healthy
volunteers…We conclude that in human skeletal muscle BCAA act directly
as nutrient signals to activate messenger ribonucleic acid translation
and potentiate protein synthesis.”
Branched Chain Amino Acids Activate
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Translation Regulatory Proteins in Human
Skeletal Muscle, and Glucocorticoids Blunt This Action
Zhenqi Liu, Linda
A. Jahn,
Wen Long, David A. Fryburg, Liping Wei and Eugene J. Barrett
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/5/2136?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=bcaa+muscle&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT
--------------------
“INTRODUCTION: Previous research has
demonstrated that ingestion of essential amino acids and their
metabolites
induce anabolic effects with the potential to augment gains in lean
body mass and strength after resistance exercise training. PURPOSE:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an
essential
amino acid-based formula (Muscle Armor (MA); Abbott Laboratories, Abbott
Park, IL) containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on
hormonal
and muscle damage markers in response to 12 wk of resistance
exercise…CONCLUSION:
MA supplementation beneficially affected training-induced changes in
lean body mass, muscle strength, and power, as well as hormonal
responses
and markers of muscle damage in response to 12 wk of resistance exercise
training when compared with an isonitrogenous control.”
Effects of amino acids supplement
on physiological adaptations to resistance training.
Kraemer WJ, Hatfield
DL, Volek
JS, Fragala
MS, Vingren
JL, Anderson
JM, Spiering
BA, Thomas
GA, Ho
JY, Quann
EE, Izquierdo
M, Häkkinen
K, Maresh
CM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 May;41(5):1111-21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19346975
--------------------
“Context: A reduction in maximal
mitochondrial
ATP production rate (MAPR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
abundance occurs with age in association with muscle weakness
and reduced endurance in elderly people. Branched chain amino
acids (BCAA) have been extensively used to improve physical
performance…Objective: The objective was to determine whether an 8-h
infusion of BCAA enhances MAPR equally in healthy young and
elderly adults…Conclusions: BCAA increased skeletal muscle MAPR in
the young participants in comparison with saline, but this
effect was not seen in the elderly participants indicating,
that unlike in the young, BCAA does not increase muscle
mitochondrial
function in the elderly.”
The Effect of Branched Chain
Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Young
and Elderly Adults
Laura L. Tatpati1, Brian A.
Irving1, Andrea Tom, Maureen L. Bigelow, Katherine Klaus,
Kevin R. Short and K. Sreekumaran Nair
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1822
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/2/894?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=essential+amino+acids+muscle&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT
--------------------
”Objective and Design: The objectives
of this study were to determine
whether: 1) chronic essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation
improves postabsorptive muscle protein fractional synthesis
rate (FSR), lean body mass (LBM), and one-repetition maximum
muscle strength, and androgen receptor and IGF-I muscle protein
expression; and 2) the acute anabolic response to EAA ingestion
is preserved after a 3-month supplementation period…Conclusions: EAA
improved LBM and basal muscle protein synthesis
in older individuals. The acute anabolic response to EAA supplementation
is maintained over time and can improve LBM, possibly offsetting
the debilitating effects of sarcopenia.”
Amino Acid Supplementation Increases
Lean Body Mass, Basal Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Insulin-Like Growth
Factor-I Expression in Older Women
Edgar L. Dillon1, Melinda
Sheffield-Moore1, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Charles Gilkison,
Arthur P. Sanford, Shanon L. Casperson, Jie Jiang, David L. Chinkes
and Randall J. Urban
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1564
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/94/5/1630?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=essential+amino+acids+muscle&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT